Artisanal mills and local production of palm oil by smallholders

Artisanal mills and local production of palm oil by smallholdersIn Africa, there are two oil palm supply chains. The first goes through industrial mills, from industrial plantations and surrounding smallholdings to a formal market of commercial oils complying with international quality standards, while the second goes through small scale mills or traditional extraction, from smallholdings and wild groves to an informal market of artisanal red palm oil. In this chapter, we concentrate on the second supply chain. We

based on his practice as an award-winning maker of ethnographic films

The book also considers how techniques such as adverse outcome pathways can inform more sophisticated

This collection of essays discusses the political and scientific contexts and the limitations of cooperation in water security

but also ventures beyond these films and figures by examining many neglected but intriguing French films

Several of the Musa species are appreciated as ornamentals in gardens and greenhouses

acidic subsurface soils are common and lime can have limited effect on the amelioration of subsurface acidity in the short term

First to examine Tavernier’s work through the lens of genre

Volume 53 of Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (JARCE)

free of animal-derived components

These advances address factors that affect its ecology and severity (especially as influencing its spatial distribution

taking a transatlantic approach to the history of science

In the last two decades